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In Colombia, a NOTA option in the ballots has been recognized by the Constitutional Court of Colombia by upholding a political reform law (Law 1475 of 2011),declaring that a None of the Above vote is “a political expression of dissent, abstention or inconformity with political effects” and also adding that “a None of the Above vote constitutes a valuable expression of dissent through which the electorate's will protection can be promoted. Delays may increase, democratic legitimacy may fall, an important office may remain vacant, or the electorate may end up with an office-holder worse than previous candidates. Perhaps most important is the potential for fallout should NOTA "win" an election, depending on the method of resolution.
#All or none principle full#
And as with all additional options on a ballot, there are likely to be administrative costs in processing votes, and voters who select NOTA without a full understanding of all alternatives. Accordingly, movements in the NOTA vote share indicate movements in public opinion.ĭisadvantages of a NOTA option include the possibility that it can serve as a spoiler: vote splitting may cause the defeat of the least-disliked candidate to a more-disliked opponent. NOTA may also increase voter turnout by allowing citizens to vote for an option contrary to existing options, rather than decline to participate entirely. Individuals possess the formal right to reject all candidates, and express that none are sufficient for democratic self-determination. The advantages of a NOTA option include support for freedom of expression. JSTOR ( December 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "None of the above" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. In such a case, a variety of formal procedures may be invoked, including having the office remain vacant, having the office filled by appointment, re-opening nominations or holding another election (in a body operating under parliamentary procedure), or it may have no effect, as in India and the US state of Nevada, where the next highest total wins regardless.
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When "None of the Above" is listed on a ballot, there is the possibility of NOTA receiving a majority or plurality of the vote, and so "winning" the election. It was also used in the 2019 mayoral election of Sofia. Beginning with the 2016 presidential election, and 2017 parliamentary one, Bulgaria introduced a 'none of the above' option, which received in the presidential elections 5.59% of the vote in the first round and 4.47% in the run-off. Pakistan introduced this option on ballot papers for the 2013 Pakistan elections, but the Election Commission of Pakistan later rejected it. Bangladesh introduced this option ( "না ভোট", "No Vote") in 2008. Russia had such an option on its ballots ( Против всех, "against all") until it was abolished in 2006. state of Nevada ( None of These Candidates), Ukraine ( Проти всіх, "against all"), Belarus, Spain ( voto en blanco, "white vote"), North Korea and Colombia ( voto en blanco). It must be contrasted with " abstention", in which a voter does not cast a ballot.Įntities that include "None of the Above" on ballots as standard procedure include India ("None of the above"), Indonesia ( kotak kosong, empty box), Greece (λευκό, white), the U.S. It is based on the principle that consent requires the ability to withhold consent in an election, just as they can by voting "No" on ballot questions. " None of the above" ( NOTA), or none for short, also known as " against all" or a " scratch" vote, is a ballot option in some jurisdictions or organizations, designed to allow the voter to indicate disapproval of the candidates in a voting system.